National culture and commitment-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

National culture and commitment-5 - Essay Example Hypothesis 4: Western managers who have had previous expatriate experience in a collectivist culture (Middle East & Asia) will have a higher level of organisational commitment than their western colleagues who haven’t had such experience. Hypothesis 5: Saudi managers who have had previous expatriate experience in individualistic cultures (West) will have a higher level of professional commitment than their Saudi colleagues who have not had such experience. This chapter will serve to detail the results of the analyses conducted testing these six hypotheses. Initially, a set of descriptive statistics concerning the dependent and independent variables included in later analyses will be presented and discussed. Following this, reliability analyses concerning the dependent variables in question will be presented. Next, correlations between the four dependent variables of interest will be presented. The remainder of this chapter will be structured such that each hypothesis will be presented and discussed individually. Finally, a conclusion section will serve to summarize the results detailed in this chapter. The survey that was distributed for this study was sent to 850 individuals in total. In sum, 567 usable responses were received from this group of individuals, which translates into a response rate of 66.71%. Out of these 567 respondents, 177 were Saudi individuals working at Saudi companies, 190 were Saudis working within IJVs, and 200 were Westerners working in IJVs. Table 1 presents a summary of the breakdown in respondents on the basis of nationality. The majority of participants in the sample were male (99.6%), were in Engineering (67.7%), were working outside their home countries (56.1%), and had Bachelor’s degrees (66.0%). The nationalities of the sample were divided evenly among Saudis (31.2%), Saudi IJVs (33.5%), and Western IJVs (35.3%). Each of the variables from Table 2 is also

Cost and Price Analysis for Interagency Agreements Article

Cost and Price Analysis for Interagency Agreements - Article Example In the first section of the article, the author describes details about the cost and pricing analysis, and the various aspects of its differentiation. The author clearly marks that price is the birds-eye view while cost can be understood as the element by element review. Alongside, the author also states that price analysis can be used singly while cost analysis has to always involve price analysis. The ultimate outcome, as the author states, is to have the justification of fairness and reasonability of the analyses. The author also puts forth the idea for the sources of objective data coming from Historical Costs/Prices, Catalog or Market prices, Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs), Government Estimates, and Government Costs/Prices. Alongside this, further information regarding the value and program value has been given that clarifies any thoughts of the utility of the cost and price program. This section of the article gives a very good idea of the importance associated with the c ost and price analysis. The second section of the article is very much specific to the cost and pricing activity and practices in the inter-agency agreements. The article states that it is a common practice to have the price divided into cost components and have each justified with a written statement. The generally and widely used cost components include personnel, travel, equipment, supplies, contractual, construction, other costs, and the indirect costs.